Immunological and genetic analysis of disease resistant native livestock

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To attempt to identify immunological and genetic factors promoting the disease susceptibility in native livestock, cytokine profiles were analyzed, and then determined whether there are any polymorphisms in the cytokine genes. We found that the expression levels of TNF-a and IFN-y and transcription activities of the promoter/predicted enhancer region of the genes were higher in individuals with disease resistant than in susceptible individuals. These data suggest that the findings could at least in part contribute to the disease resistance in native livestock.