Evaluation of stress management for premenstrual symptoms

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The results indicated that stress is the first factor of PMS, and, moreover, stress coping, sleep satisfaction, menstrual distress, and a smoking habit indirectly influenced PMS through stress. Physiological assessment by examining saliva revealed that, regarding women with PMS, their stress recognition changes according to the menstrual cycle, and their sIgA level, indicating the state of chronic stress, reduces. The results suggest the necessity of acknowledging the effects of educational programs including stress management, and, as a future consideration, more widely adopting a peer support system which utilizes these programs in educational institutions.