Effects of maternal nutrition for essential metals on fetal development in pregnancy

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Effects of maternal deficiency or supplementation of essential metals on fetal development were studied in human placental choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3, human ovarian granulosa cell line KGN, and mice. The synthesis of female sex hormones was up-regulated by zinc deficiency, but down-regulated by zinc supplement in both cells. Iron deficiency resulted in up-regulation of iron transport system in placenta as in small intestine and loss of fetus weight in mice. These results suggest that placenta is most important tissue for regulation of fetus nutrition for essential metals and maternal nutrition for zinc and iron is important for fetus development.