An Historical Anthropological Study of Magic and Gender : A Case Study of the Spirit Medium Cult in Myanmar

在缅甸，这二十年来，大多数灵媒已经从女性变成了Meinmashas（男变性人）。关注后一种灵媒，新发现他们的守护灵、仪式的解释和梦境的叙述之间的关系发生了变化，这被认为是神灵召唤的证据。这些变化可以被视为一个例子，即资本主义或全球化等突如其来的现代性经历迫使缅甸的宗教和性别制度进行重组。

In Myanmar, the majority of mediums have changed to Meinmashas (Male to Female transgender) from women for these twenty years. Focusing on latter mediums, it has newly revealed that the relationship between their tutelary spirits, interpretation of the rituals and narrations of their dreams which is regarded as the proof of calling from spirits have changed among them. These changes can be regarded as one example that the sudden experiences of modernity such as capitalism or globalization have forced the system of religion and gender in Burma to be reorganized.