Diversification and Change of the ethos of academic staff as 'academia' related to strengthen relationship between universities and its (regional) communities

在日本，2000年代以后，政府通过各种政策鼓励高等教育机构加强与（地区）社区的关系，并从组织上做出回应，包括从外部招聘具有丰富实践经验的人作为学术人员。因此，本研究的重点是在大学这一关系中发挥核心作用的大学学术人员，并通过主要与学术职业研究相关的文献综述和针对大学学术人员的调查数据集分析来考察他们的职业和精神的多样化和变化。这是高等教育机构及其（区域）社区关系结构和大学区域功能研究的一部分。

In Japan, after the 2000s, government has encouraged higher education institutions to strengthen their relationship with its (regional) communities through various policies and they have responded to it organizationally including the recruitment of people who has rich practical experiences from outside as an academic staff. This research, therefore, focused on academic staffs in universities who play a central role in such a relationship at the side of university, and diversification and change of their careers and ethos are examined through the literature review mainly related to the study of academic profession and the analysis of survey datasets targeted to academic staffs in universities. This is a part of the study on the structure of the relation with higher education institutions and its (regional) communities and on the regional function of university.