Research of the molecular mechanism in effects of doping drugs(adrenergic agonists)

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Clenbuterol(CLE) is one of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists with powerful muscle anabolic and lipolytic effects and is prohibited to use as doping drug for athletes. It is manufactured as a 1 : 1 racemic mixture of two enantiomers,(-)-R and(+)-S isomers.The both enantiomers induced the increased cardiac and skeletal muscles mass.Particularly, fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle having less beta-2 adrenergic receptor was affected more strongly. The expression of MyoD mRNAs by enantiomers was different between fast and slow-twitch muscles, but the results in proteins were not synchronized with the changes of mRNAs. Furthermore, the(+)-S isomer strongly inhibited the femurs and tibiae bones.