Development of Cusa's concept of principium-from research into his sermon drafts

本研究以库萨的尼古拉斯的布道稿为研究对象，追溯其哲学中原理概念的发展。最重要的是他的原则概念是统一。在库萨的思想中，统一性不仅是创造的原则，也是人类心灵的原则。虽然库萨是一位高级牧师，但他是一个人布道，所以库萨的布道稿实际上占了他全部作品的三分之一左右。因此，在本研究中，我们决定重点关注这些草案。因为他不断地讲道，他的讲道稿使我们能够密切地跟随合一概念的时间发展。在这些布道稿中，我们可以发现他的合作统一概念演变为绝对统一，他开始认为统一与他所看到的绝对同一性相同。本研究的一个重要结论是，在这种统一概念的微妙变化背后，是对普罗克洛斯-拉提努斯和普罗克洛斯统一概念的批判性文本研究。在普罗克洛斯看来，统一超越了关系，因此是“不可否认的”，所以它不是同一性。但库萨的统一性概念包含着“平等”，因此，作为自我同一性，它也包含着自我关系。因此，这种统一性包含着“易”的瞬间，因而它可以成为创造和人类心灵的原则。此外，从古撒的讲道稿中，我们发现他通常是在救恩历史的背景下讲道的。在这种情况下，他使用了亚里士多德和托马斯阿奎那在伦理学或哲学人类学中使用的“习性”概念。因此，作为本研究的结论，我们认为库萨的基本概念是绝对的统一，他是从对普罗克卢斯-拉丢的批判性阅读中获得的，但在他的布道中，他在那里表达了他对同时代人的思想，为了使听众转向统一，他在“惯习”概念的框架内使用了这种统一的概念。

This study aims to trace the development of the concept of principium in Nicholas of Cusa's philosophy by research his sermon drafts. Most important his concept of principium is unity. In Cusa's thought, unity is not only the principium of the creation, but also the principium of human mind too. Though Cusa was a high rank clergyman, he preached by himself, so Cusa's sermon drafts actually comprise approximately one-third of his complete works. Therefore in this study, our decision was to focus on these drafts. Because, he had preached continuously, his sermon drafts would enable us to closely follow the chronological development of the concept of unity. In those sermon drafts, we can find that his concept of cooperative unity evolved into absolute unity, and he came to consider unity as the same as identity which he saw absolute identity. One of important conclusions of this study is that behind this delicate change of concept of unity lies a critical text-study of Proclus-latinus, and Proclus' concept of unity. For Proclus, unity transcends relation, therefore "imparticipabile", so it is not identity. But Cusa's concept of unity includes "quod parcipipatur", so as self-identity, it includes self-relation. Thereby, the unity includes the moment of" participabile", therefore it can become the principium of creation and human mind. Furthermore, from Cusa's sermon drafts, we found that he had preached commonly within the context of the salvation history. In this context, he used the concept of "habitus" which had used in the ethics or philosophical anthropology of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas. Therefore, as a conclusion of this study, we assert that Cusa's fundamental concept is absolute unity, and he got it from critical reading of Proclus-latius, but in his preaches-in there, he expressed his thought for his contemporaries-, in order to make audience to turn to the unity, he used this concept of unity in the framework of the concept of "habitus".