Deformation constraint by grain boundary observed with microscopic view point

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Cu bi-crystal and Al tri-crystal were made by Bridgman technique. Micro residual stresses in each crystal were measured by neutron, synchrotron radiation and X-rays. Because of the existence of grain boundaries, deformation in each crystal was non-uniform and the distribution of micro residual stress develops within a crystal. Average residual stress was also different among crystals in tri-crystal specimen. Neutron stress measurement of poly-crystalline plane carbon steel revealed that microscopic residual stresses are different among crystalline group.