Phylogenetic reconstruction of hexapod basal clades : Comparative embryological analyses of entognathy formations of all three entognathan constituents

六足动物基底进化枝的系统发育重建：所有三种内颌动物成分的内颌动物形成的比较胚胎学分析

• 批准号: 21570089
• 负责人: MACHIDA Ryuichiro
• 金额: $ 3万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2009 至 2011
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21570089/
• 关键词: 系統; 昆虫比較発生学; 六脚類; 昆虫類; 高次系統; 比較発生学; 内顎類; 内顎口; グラウンドプラン; 比較形態学

Recently, Entognatha-Ectognatha System has been challenged, and doubt has been cast on the interordinal relationships within and monophyly of Entognatha from multiple sources. Entognathy has been regarded as a most reliable autapomorphy of Entognatha. I compare the entognathy formations of Protura, Collembola and Diplura, examine the homology of their entognathies, and discuss the interordinal relationships and monophyly of Entognatha.Protura and Collembola are revealed to closely resemble each other in major points of entognathy formation, such as concerning : 1) the origin of mouth folds, which are formed by the extension and fusion of terga of intercalary and three gnathal segments, and 2) origin of the postgnathal region of entognathy, which is derived from labial terga medially migrated and united. However, the entognathy of Diplura is constructed in a different manner, which is characterized by : 1) the mouth fold is formed by the fusion of extended terga of intercalary and three gnathal segments and labial coxa, 2) the postgnathal region of entognathy is derived from labial subcoxae which medially migrate and unite into a form of postmentum, and 3) the rotation of labial appendages is involved in the entognathy formation. Thus, the homology of entognathy is well supported between Protura and Collembola, hence the monophyly of Ellipura may be supported. While the manner of entognathy formation in Diplura is revealed to be much different from in Protura and Collembola either, hence the homology of entognathy between Protura-Collembola and Diplura is not always verified, and the monophyly of Entognatha could not be substantiated.

近年来，人们对舌颌类-外齿类系统提出了质疑，并从多个来源对舌颌类内部的相互关系和单系性提出了质疑。牙颌类被认为是牙颌类最可靠的自异形。比较了Protura、Collembola和Diplura的全颌结构，考察了它们全颌的同源性，并讨论了全颌的相互关系和单系性。原牙纲和舌牙纲在牙槽结构的主要形成点上有相似之处，如：1)口襞的起源，是由牙槽间节和三颌节的伸展融合而形成的；2)牙槽后区起源，是由唇节向内侧迁移和结合而形成的。然而，双颌的上颌骨构造方式不同，其特点是：1)口襞是由唇间和三颌段延伸的舌节与唇髋融合形成的；2)上颌骨的颌后区是由唇下髋向内侧移动并结合成后突形成的；3)上颌骨的形成与唇附肢的旋转有关。因此，原虫目与弹虫目之间的牙颌同源性得到了很好的支持，从而可能支持Ellipura的单系性。而双翅目的颌齿形成方式与原目和弹目也有很大的不同，因此原目-弹目和双翅目之间的颌齿同源性并不总是得到证实，而舌目的单系性也无法得到证实。

项目成果

コケシロアリモドキAposthonia japonica (Okajima)の腹部付属肢形成(昆虫綱・シロアリモドキ目)

苔藓 Apostonia japonica（冈岛）（昆虫纲，Aposthonidae 目）腹部附属器的形成

• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Arthropodan Embryological Society of Japan
• 作者: Sekiya;K.;R.Machida;富塚茂和・町田龍一郎;福井眞生子・町田龍一郎;関谷薫・町田龍一郎;中垣裕貴・佐久間将・丹羽尚・林茂生・町田龍一郎;神通芳江・町田龍一郎
• 通讯作者: 神通芳江・町田龍一郎

On the head morphology of Grylloblattodea (Insecta) and the systematic positionon theorder, with a new nomenclature for the head muscles of Dicondylia

论Grylloblattodea（昆虫纲）的头部形态和在目中的系统位置，以及双髁目头部肌肉的新命名法

• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: Systematic Entomology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Wipfler;B.;R.Machida;B.Miiller;R.G.Beutel
• 通讯作者: R.G.Beutel

The"Polyneopteran Comparative Embryological Project"

“多翅目比较胚胎学项目”

• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Arthropodan Embryological Society of Japan 43
• 作者: Uchifune;T.;R.Machida
• 通讯作者: R.Machida

Embryonic development of a japygid, Occasjapyx japonicus (Enderlein)(Hexapoda : Diplura, Dicellurata)

japygid Occasjapyx japonicus (Enderlein) 的胚胎发育（六足纲：Diplura、Dicellurata）

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: Sekiya;K.;R.Machida
• 通讯作者: R.Machida

[Invited lecture] Embryological features of Dermaptera

[特邀报告] 皮翅目昆虫的胚胎学特征

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: Shimizu;S. and R. Machida
• 通讯作者: S. and R. Machida