Comparative Study of Poverty Factor of Farm Household in Indonesia and Thailand using Pseudo Panel Data

社会经济调查的微观数据被用来研究印度尼西亚和泰国的收入不平等和贫困问题。本研究估算了教育投资回报率，为教育投资中的资本配给提供了证据，定量评价了代际链条对教育和人力资本的影响，估计了高水平教育对女性的治疗效果，并估计了储蓄功能。研究的主要结果如下：从教育不平等的角度，找出了收入不平等和贫困的根源。研究发现，在女性劳动收入较低的情况下，女性教育投资回报率较高，女性高等教育入学率较低是由于教育投资中的资本配给造成的。此外，对教育和人力资本代际链的证据进行了定量评估。通过对女性高水平教育治疗效果的评估，定量地再次确认了女性高水平教育的必要性。由于家庭储蓄可以成为教育投资的主要来源，是解决贫困问题的关键，因此利用储蓄函数对城乡典型家庭和贫困家庭的边际储蓄倾向进行了评价。

The micro data of the socio-economic survey were used to examine the income inequality and poverty in Indonesia and Thailand. In the study, rates of return on the educational investment were estimated, the evidence on the capital rationing in the educational investment was provided, the effects of the intergenerational chain on education and human capital were quantitatively evaluated, the treatment effect of high level education for the female was estimated, and the saving function was estimated. The main results of study are as follows. From the view point of the educational inequality, the sources of income inequality and poverty were identified. Evidence on high rates on return on the educational investment for female were found in spite of the lower female labor income, and low enrollment rate of the female high level education was caused by the capital rationing in the educational investment. Furthermore, the evidence on the intergenerational chains of education and human capital was quantitatively evaluated. The necessity of the female high level education was quantitatively reconfirmed by the treatment effect estimation of high level education for the female. Because household savings can be a main source of the educational investment and is a key to solve the poverty problem, the marginal propensity to save in the typical and poor households in rural and urban areas was evaluated using the saving function.