Input responsiveness of neuronal circuits and its modulation by neurotransmitters.

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We investigated timing dependency of two synaptic inputs to layer 4 neurons projecting from thalamus using patch clamp recording from brain slice preparations. The optimal timing of quasi-simultaneous inputs is modulated by neuromodulators. This switching-like behavior of the circuit may be a neuronal correlate of switching of attention and wakefulness. We also investigated the role of the basal ganglia in absence epilepsy using calcium channel-mutant mice, which are used as a model animal for epilepsy. We found functional activity of hyperpolarization-activated cation channel is reduced in the subthalamic nucleus. The reduction enhanced excitability of subthalamic neurons, which resulted in prolongation of abnormal rhythmic activity of absence epilepsy.