Structures of arthropod communities involved in the grazing and detrital food webs and their functioning in a forest ecosystem

利用凋落物袋研究了微节肢动物在柳杉人工林树木和土壤微生境中的定植格局。凋落叶质量随土壤分解程度的增加而显著增加，在乔木环境中变化较小。土壤微节肢动物受演替变化的影响更大，因为凋落物分解更快，而树木微节肢动物受季节变化的影响更大，因为分解过程更慢。对比分析表明：(1)林下树栖蜘蛛群落的物种多样性受叶片结构复杂性的影响；(2)杉木的树栖蜘蛛群落在不同层间的差异明显大于山奈，这主要是由于资源质量（活叶和死叶）的差异；(3)由于生境结构的复杂性，两种林分地上蜘蛛的群落组成在树种之间以及林冠层和林底之间存在差异。

The colonization patterns of microarthropods were examined in arboreal and soil microhabitats of a Cryptomeria japonica plantation by using litter bags. The variation in leaf-litter mass among litter bags increased markedly with increasing decomposition in the soil, and was smaller in the arboreal environment. Soil microarthropods were suggested to be more affected by successional changes because of faster decomposition of the litter, whereas arboreal microarthropods by seasonal changes because of slower decomposition processes.Comparative analyses revealed that(1) the species diversity of arboreal spider communities in canopies was influenced by the structural complexity of the foliage ;(2) arboreal spider communities differed more distinctly between the layers of the C. japonica than L. kaempferi canopy, mainly due to the difference in the resource quality(living or dead foliage);(3) the community composition of spiders on the forest floor differed between tree species as well as between the canopy and forest floor in both stands, primarily due to the structural complexity of habitats.