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Parasitism patterns of parasitoid wasps in forests and the spatiotemporal structure of the host-parasitoid systems.

森林中寄生蜂的寄生模式及寄主-寄生系统的时空结构。

基本信息

批准号：
06660180
负责人：
HIJII Naoki
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06660180/
关键词：
Atanycolus initiator bark thickness host size parasitoid wasp sex ratio Spatius brevicaudis subcortical beetle vertical distribution 寄主マツ時空間構造時空間的構造

项目摘要

Spatiotemporal patterns of resource utilization and sex ratio manipulation in relation to host size were investigated for two solitary ectoparasitoid wasps, Atanycolus initiator and Spatius brevicaudis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Both species parasitize subcortical beetles on the trunks of Japanese pine trees. A.initiator is on average 8 times larger in body weight and has an ovipositor that is 3.7 times longer than that of S.brevicaudis. In both parasitoids, the size of emerging wasps was positively correlated with host size, but the host/wasp size regressions were linear for all three major host species in A.initiator, whereas in S.brevicaudis the regression was logarithmic for a relatively large host species. The sex ratios (proportion of males) of both parasitoids emerging from different host species decreased with increasing host size, but the overall sex ratio on each host species was male-biased in A.initiator, while female-biased in S.brevicaudis. How the proportion of host consumed changed in response to host size and differed between the two parasitoids for the same host species. In the field survey, the size and sex ratio of the emerging two parasitoids from a dead tree were closely related to host size. However, the spatial distribution of the two parasitoids depended on the bark thickness of the trunk. The data suggested that differences in the relative evaluation of host size and in ovipositor lenght may enable to the coexistence of the two parasitoid wasps. In another survey on dead pine trees, the vertical distribution of parasitoid wasps on subcortical beetles, which wasps occurred most abundantly on the trunk of 3-5m high above the ground, was suggested to be determined by both bark thickness of pine trees and flight ability of the wasps.

研究了两种外寄生蜂Atanycolus initiator和Spatius brevicaudis的资源利用和性比操纵的时空格局及其与寄主大小的关系。这两个物种都寄生在日本松树树干上的皮层下甲虫。A.initiator的平均体重是其8倍，产卵器的长度是短尾链霉菌的3.7倍。在这两种寄生蜂中，出现的小蜂的大小与宿主大小呈正相关，但在A.initiator中，宿主/小蜂大小的回归对于所有三种主要宿主物种都是线性的，而在S.brevicaudis中，对于相对较大的宿主物种，回归是对数的。两种寄生蜂的性比（男性比例）出现在不同的主机的大小而下降，但在每个主机的总体性比是男性偏向于A.发起，而女性偏向于S. brevicaudis。寄主消耗的比例如何变化，响应主机大小和不同的两个寄生蜂为同一寄主物种。在野外调查中，从枯树上羽化的两种寄生蜂的大小和性比与寄主大小密切相关。然而，这两种寄生蜂的空间分布依赖于树干的树皮厚度。这些数据表明，寄主大小和产卵器长度的相对评价差异可能使两种寄生蜂共存。在另一项调查中，作者认为，寄生蜂在松树皮层下甲虫上的垂直分布主要取决于松树树皮的厚度和寄生蜂的飞行能力，而在离地面3- 5 m的树干上寄生蜂的数量最多。