Quantitative and qualitative traits of arthropod communties in the canopy strata

以大山雀繁殖生态学为基础，研究了林冠层节肢动物群落的数量和质量特征（山雀）和各种山雀（P.varius）栖息于日本雪松的种植园（柳杉：CJ）和日本落叶松（日本落叶松：LK），每一个包含一个小面积的落叶阔叶树，与以树栖节肢动物作为雏鸟食物的可用性和觅食微生境中的食物选择为特征的资源利用模式有关。1 CJ和LK中山雀属物种的潜在食物可用性，在落叶阔叶林中，用截枝法测定了树栖节肢动物的生物量，并与在落叶阔叶林中测定的生物量进行了比较。的总金额的粪便是一贯大于在LK比CJ。剪枝数据表明，所有节肢动物的个体数和生物量在落叶阔叶树中最高， ...更多信息 2山雀雏鸟的食物组成因种而异。单食饵装载型的大胸蛙偏好大型猎物，而多食饵装载型的多变胸蛙偏好小型猎物。不同觅食微生境节肢动物的丰度和大小分布差异很大。这两种山雀根据它们对猎物大小的偏好选择性地利用觅食微生境。3繁殖密度和表现在CJ和LK之间没有差异，与日本其他森林中的相似。初出茅庐的成功率相对较高，两个物种的成功率约为90%。幼虫在饲料中的比例分别为26%和47%，而在CJ和LK的P.varius的73%和84%。两种人工林下的马尾松毛虫的取食量均明显低于其他生境。在毛虫之后，雏鸟的食物主要由直翅目组成，直翅目具有与毛虫几乎相同的能量含量。毛虫和直翅目昆虫之间的饮食变化，在其相对丰度的变化表明，即使在针叶树种植园与潜在的低丰度的昆虫，山雀物种可以达到一个相对较高的繁殖成功。少

Quantitative and qualitative traits of arthropod communties in the canopy strata were examined with the breeding ecology of great tits (Parus major) and varied tits (P.varius) inhabiting plantations of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica : CJ) and Japanese larch (Larix kaempfer : LK), each containing a small area of deciduous broad-leaved trees, in relation to the resource utilization patterns characterized by both availability of arboreal arthropods as nestling diets and diet selection in foraging microhabitats.1 Potential food availability for both Parus species in CJ and LK, and in a stand of deciduous broad-leaved trees for comparison, was evaluated with the biomass of arboreal arthopods estimated by the frass-trap method at each stand and a branch-clipping from sample trees. The total amount of frass was consistently larger in LK than in CJ. The branch-clipping data showed that the number of individuals and biomass of all arthropods was highest in deciduous broad-leaved trees and … More lowest in CJ.2 The composition of nestling diets differed between Parus species. The single-prey loader P.major preferred large prey, whereas the multiple-prey loader P.varius did small prey. The abundance and size distribution of arthropods greatly differed among foraging microhabitats. Both Parus species selectively used foraging microhabitats according to their prey-size preference.3 Breeding density and performance did not differ between CJ and LK, and were similar to those in otherforests in Japan. Fledgling success was relatively high, being about 90% for both species. The proportions of caterpillars in the diet were 26% in CJ and 47% in LK for P. major, but 73% and 84% for P.varius. The consumption of caterpillars by P.major in both plantations was much less than that in many other habitats. After caterpillars, the nestling diets consisted mainly of Orthoptera, which had almost the same energy content as caterpillars. A shift in diet between caterpillars and orthopterans in response to a change in their relative abundance suggests that even in conifer plantations with a potentially low abundance of insects, Parus species can attain a relatively high breeding success. Less