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Quantitative and qualitative traits of arthropod communties in the canopy strata

冠层节肢动物群落的数量和质量特征

基本信息

批准号：
12660132
负责人：
HIJII Naoki
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
NAGOYA UNIVESITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Quantitative and qualitative traits of arthropod communties in the canopy strata were examined with the breeding ecology of great tits (Parus major) and varied tits (P.varius) inhabiting plantations of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica : CJ) and Japanese larch (Larix kaempfer : LK), each containing a small area of deciduous broad-leaved trees, in relation to the resource utilization patterns characterized by both availability of arboreal arthropods as nestling diets and diet selection in foraging microhabitats.1 Potential food availability for both Parus species in CJ and LK, and in a stand of deciduous broad-leaved trees for comparison, was evaluated with the biomass of arboreal arthopods estimated by the frass-trap method at each stand and a branch-clipping from sample trees. The total amount of frass was consistently larger in LK than in CJ. The branch-clipping data showed that the number of individuals and biomass of all arthropods was highest in deciduous broad-leaved trees and … More lowest in CJ.2 The composition of nestling diets differed between Parus species. The single-prey loader P.major preferred large prey, whereas the multiple-prey loader P.varius did small prey. The abundance and size distribution of arthropods greatly differed among foraging microhabitats. Both Parus species selectively used foraging microhabitats according to their prey-size preference.3 Breeding density and performance did not differ between CJ and LK, and were similar to those in otherforests in Japan. Fledgling success was relatively high, being about 90% for both species. The proportions of caterpillars in the diet were 26% in CJ and 47% in LK for P. major, but 73% and 84% for P.varius. The consumption of caterpillars by P.major in both plantations was much less than that in many other habitats. After caterpillars, the nestling diets consisted mainly of Orthoptera, which had almost the same energy content as caterpillars. A shift in diet between caterpillars and orthopterans in response to a change in their relative abundance suggests that even in conifer plantations with a potentially low abundance of insects, Parus species can attain a relatively high breeding success. Less

以日本杉木（Cryptomeria japonica: CJ）和日本落叶松（Larix kaempfer）人工林为研究对象，研究了林冠层节肢动物群落的数量和质量特征。（LK），每个群落都含有小面积的落叶阔叶树，这与资源利用模式有关，其特征是树栖节肢动物作为雏鸟的食物的可用性和觅食微生境的食物选择利用捕集器法测定的每个林分的树栖节肢动物生物量和取样树木的树枝剪断法，对CJ和LK两种阔叶树林分的Parus物种的潜在食物有效性进行了评估。禾草总含量在LK株中始终大于CJ株。结果表明，各节肢动物的个体数和生物量均以落叶阔叶树的最高，而以长叶树的最低。单猎物捕食者p.a rmajor偏爱大型猎物，而多猎物捕食者p.a rvarius偏爱小型猎物。不同觅食微生境中节肢动物的丰度和大小分布差异较大。2 .两种小种都根据其对猎物大小的偏好选择性地利用觅食微生境CJ和LK的繁殖密度和繁殖性能无显著差异，与日本其他林区相似。雏鸟的成功率相对较高，两个物种的成功率都在90%左右。大斑拟虫的幼虫比例分别为26%和47%，小斑拟虫的幼虫比例分别为73%和84%。两个人工林中大叶蝉对毛虫的消耗量远低于其他生境。除毛虫外，雏鸟以直翅目为主，其能量含量与毛虫基本相同。毛毛虫和直翅目动物之间的饮食变化是对其相对丰度变化的反应，这表明即使在昆虫丰度可能较低的针叶林中，Parus物种也可以获得相对较高的繁殖成功率。少