Functional redundancy and hierarchy of glycosphingolipids in the architectures and regulations of lipid rafts in vivo

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Using various knockout mice lacking synthetic enzyme genes responsible for the synthesis of gangliosides, we analyzed abnormal phenotypes of the mutamt mice. Analysis of the changes in the composition and chemical structures of glycolipids was performed, and comparison of architectures and dynamic features of lipid rafts among those mutant mice was also done. Consequently, abnormal rafts depending on the degree of the defects of gangliosides were elucidated. Furthermore, roles of gangliosides in the regulation of signals and of complements in lipid rafts were also clarified.