Neural network development disorder as a cause of cognitive/behavioral impairment in childhood. mental function and neural stem cell transplantation

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We constructed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder(FASD) model rat by exposure of ethanol in the maternal period. Animals in the ethanol treatment group showed a significant memory/cognitive impairment and social dysfunction in each behavioral test and intravenous neural stem cell(NSC) transplantation suppressed these behavioral abnormalities toward control levels. In the brain samples of social function-related regions(anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala), the post synaptic density protein 95(PSD95) was decreased in the model rat which was suppressed in the NSC transplantation group. In these regions, GABAergic interneuron subtype, parvalbumin-positive cells were also decreased and they were recovered by NSC transplantation. Furthermore, the transplanted RI-labeled NSCs were found strongly accumulating in the hypothalamic areas of paraventricular/supraoptic nucleus where social neuropeptides(Oxytocin(OXT) and arginine vasopressin(AVP)) are synthesized in magnocellular neurons, suggesting the possible relation between the social recovery effect of NSC transplantation and OXT/AVP neuron system potentiation.