Vertical and Horizontal Integrations in Mining Industry:1960-1979

这项研究的重点是20世纪60年代和70年代美国公司和一家英国公司在采矿业的比较。纵向模式是指兼有采矿业和炼油业的美国式管理模式；横向模式是指以采矿业为主，多种矿产为主的英国式管理模式。20世纪70年代，发展中国家的矿产国有化和美国工业产出的停滞导致了美国资源产业垂直模式的衰落。另一方面，英国的横向模式利用了欧洲大陆和日本的产量增长，并避免了炼油部门的负担，表现出了很高的表现。

This research focused on the comparison between American companies and a British firm in the mining industry in the 1960s and 70s. The vertical model means an American management style which had both mining and refining sectors and the horizontal model indicates a British style which concentrated on mining sector and diversified minerals. In the 1970s mineral nationalizations in developing countries and stagnation of industrial output in the US caused the decline of the vertical model of the American resource industry. On the other hand the British horizontal model showed high performance by taking advantage of output increase in the Continental Europe and Japan and by being able to avoid burdens on the refinery sector.