Elucidation of anesthetic mechanism focused on the action to membrane interface

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We have investigated the morphology of phospholipid monolayer formed on the water surface by "dropping method" using surface tension measurement and optical microscope(Brewster angle microscope), and the interaction between the monolayer and anesthetic molecules using quartz crystal oscillator(QCO) method(quartz crystal microbalance(QCM) and quartz crystal impedance(QCI)). The QCO was attached horizontally to the monolayer on the water surface and we also focused on the resistance(corresponding to the interfacial viscosity) change on the QCI measurement. It is found that(1) the "dropping method" forms` fluidic' monolayer similar to membrane on the water surface compared to that by general compression method, and(2) the anesthetic molecules physisorb on the monolayer/water interface(QCM) and change(increase) in the interfacial viscosity of the interface(QCI). The anesthetic concentration dependence also showed the two-step change on both physisorption and viscosity. These results suggest that the "dropping method" is useful one for forming membrane-like monolayer on the water surface, and the condensation process of monolayer by the physisorption of anesthetic molecules concerns closely on the anesthetic phenomenon ; the condensation of membrane by anesthetic molecules decreases the membrane function