In vivo imaging reveals inflammatory and immune processes of adipose tissue obesity.

代谢综合征是心血管事件的主要危险因素，而以慢性炎症和局部免疫变化为基础的肥胖内脏脂肪组织重构和功能障碍起着核心作用。为了评估肥胖脂肪中多种细胞类型之间的动态相互作用，因此开发了一种体内可视化技术。活体成像揭示了肥胖脂肪中血管生成和脂肪生成之间密切的空间和时间关系，这些炎性细胞团包括炎性的M1巨噬细胞。肥胖脂肪的微循环中白细胞-血小板-内皮细胞的相互作用也被观察到，这是炎症的标志。血小板的活化和黏附分子的增加导致炎性细胞动力学，如白细胞和血小板的“滚动和黏附”。我们还发现大量CD8效应性T细胞渗入肥胖脂肪组织。CD8T细胞的浸润先于巨噬细胞的聚集，CD8T细胞的免疫和遗传耗竭减少了巨噬细胞的浸润和脂肪组织的炎症，改善了全身胰岛素抵抗。CD8T细胞参与了肥胖脂肪组织中巨噬细胞的聚集，以及肥胖时脂肪组织的炎症反应。这种成像技术可以应用于包括血栓形成在内的许多疾病。我们的结果清楚地证明了我们的成像技术在分析体内复杂的细胞相互作用和评估针对它们的新的治疗干预措施方面的能力。

Metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor of cardiovascular events, and obese visceral adipose tissue remodeling and malfunctioning based on chronic inflammation and local immunological changes plays a central role. To assess dynamic interplay between multiple cell-types in obese adipose, a visualization technique in vivo was therefore developed. In vivo imaging revealed close spatial and temporal interrelationships between angiogenesis and adipogenesis in obese adipose, and these inflammatory cell clusters included inflammatory "M1" macrophages). Increased leukocyte-platelet-endothelial cell interactions in the microcirculation of obese adipose were also observed, a hallmark of inflammation. The activation of platelet and increased adhesion molecule contribute to the inflammatory cellular dynamics, such as "rolling and adhesion" of leukocyte and platelet. We also found that large numbers of CD8+ effector T cells infiltrated into obese adipose. The infiltration by CD8+ T cells preceded the accumulation of macrophages, and immunological and genetic depletion of CD8+ T cells reduced macrophage infiltration and adipose tissue inflammation, and ameliorated systemic insulin resistance. CD8+ T cells contribute to the macrophage recruitment in obese adipose tissue, and adipose tissues inflammation in obesity. This imaging technique can be applied to many diseases including thrombosis. Our results clearly demonstrated the power of our imaging technique to analyze complex cellular interplays in vivo and to evaluate new therapeutic interventions against them.