Lidocaine iontophoresis using alternating current Development of the device for patient controlled analgesia-

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Transdermal iontophoresis has been used for both local and systemic drug delivery. The iontophoresis of anesthetics and analgesics is used for the management of postoperative pain or cancer pain. However, some adverse effects, including electrical burns or erythema as a result of electrode polarization during electrolysis, have been reported in clinical situations. We examined the conditions of the electricity which transport lidocaine efficiently and reduce the side effects. Our purpose is to develop the transdermal patient controlled analgesia system.