Effect of rhizobia primed with flavonoid on growth, root development and nodulation in leguminous cover crops grown under low temperature condition

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In field pea(Pisum sativum) grown in temperate region of western Japan, low temperature under late seeding condition should be considered as a limiting factor for early growth. Of inhibition mechanisms, decreasing flavonoid compounds released from legume roots for nod gene activation might be of importance. Root nodule formation was investigated after inoculation in both flavonoid priming and the control. Root nodule numbers per plant were higher in flavonoid priming than the control. Plants inoculated with primed rhizobia showed alterative root structure such as reduction of the number of the second order lateral roots and the continuous nodule formation along the root axis. These results suggest that priming treatment of rhizobia with flavonoid might induce earlier formation of root nodules due to inhibiting lateral root differentiation, indicating that root system development of pea plants occurs with a trade-off between the nodulation and lateral branching under unsuitable environmental conditions.