Development in religious women's renunciation style and restoration of bhikkhuni sangha : Thailand and Sri Lanka

宗教妇女出离心风格的发展和比丘尼僧团的恢复：泰国和斯里兰卡

• 批准号: 21710262
• 负责人: ITO Tomomi
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: Kobe University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2009 至 2011
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21710262/
• 关键词: 上座部仏教; メーチー; 比丘尼; タイ; スリランカ; タイ:スリランカ

This study has examined and compared the movements for restoring bhikkhuni sangha in the two major Theravada Buddhist countries : Thailand and Sri Lanka, both of which did not inherit the successive female orders to the present, but only recently attempted the new launch since the end of the 1990s. In Sri Lanka, many renowned female practitioners have ordained as bhikkhunis, and the bhikkhuni ordination has already become a new norm in the society, whilst in Thailand, there are still only a few dozens of Thai women who have taken the new option for their renounced Buddhist practice. This study has explored the reasons of rapid expansion and limited growth of bhikkhuni ordination in the two countries. As a result, the study has revealed that in Sri Lanka conventional female practitioners were not only considered relatively lower in their religious and social status compared to fully ordained monks called bhikkhus, but they also had a significant gap in financial status and social standi … More ng among themselves. On the one hand, female practitioners of high social standing have had their own nunneries independent from male bhikkhu monasteries, trained their own young female disciples, and performed their religious roles for the neighboring lay Buddhist communities. Their religious activities have been not so much different from those of male bhikkhus. On the other hand, financially deprived female practitioners were forced to live as beggars in the premises of famous large monasteries where many lay Buddhists visited for their alms giving. In the background of rapid expansion of bhikkhuni ordination in Sri Lanka, there was a group of well-established female practitioners who were ready to take the new option for their religious life. Whilst in Thailand, even the most consolidated group of female practitioners are under the strong religious authority of bhikkhu sangha, so most of them have to maintain careful attitudes toward male monks. It is only a limited numbers of highly motivated individual Thai women independent from bhikkhu sangha's authority, who can take the courageous step forward to become ordained as bhikkhunis. Therefore, in Thailand transition to bhikkhuni ordination is not as smooth as in Sri Lanka. Less

本研究考察并比较了小乘佛教两大国家恢复比丘尼僧伽的运动：泰国和斯里兰卡，这两个国家都没有继承到现在的连续女修会，只是在最近尝试了自1990年代末以来的新的启动。在斯里兰卡，许多著名的女修行者已经受戒为比丘尼，而比丘尼受戒已经成为社会的一种新规范，而在泰国，仍然只有几十名泰国妇女选择了放弃佛教修行的新选择。本研究探讨了两国比丘尼戒迅速扩张和增长有限的原因。因此，研究表明，在斯里兰卡，传统的女修行者不仅被认为在宗教和社会地位上比完全受戒的比丘低，而且在经济地位和社会地位上也有很大的差距。 ...更多信息 在他们之间。一方面，社会地位高的女修行者拥有独立于男比丘寺院的尼姑庵，培养自己的年轻女弟子，并为邻近的在家佛教团体履行其宗教角色。他们的宗教活动与男性比丘没有太大的不同。另一方面，经济贫困的女学员被迫在著名的大寺院里乞讨，许多在家佛教徒到这些寺院布施。在斯里兰卡比丘尼受戒迅速扩展的背景下，有一群地位稳固的女修行者准备为她们的宗教生活做出新的选择。而在泰国，即使是最团结的女修行者群体也在比丘僧伽的强大宗教权威之下，因此她们中的大多数人不得不对男性僧侣保持谨慎的态度。只有为数有限的独立于比丘僧伽权威之外的、具有高度动机的泰国女性个体，能够勇敢地向前迈出一步，成为受戒的比丘尼。因此，在泰国向比丘尼戒的过渡并不像斯里兰卡那样顺利。少

项目成果

アジアの知られざる仏教(17)-スリランカ<上>

亚洲不为人知的佛教（17）——斯里兰卡<1>

• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: 中外日報 27336
• 作者: 広瀬崇子;北川将之;三輪博樹(編著);伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美
• 通讯作者: 伊藤友美

Dhammic Socialism : A Buddhist vision of just social order in 1970s' Thailand

正法社会主义：20世纪70年代泰国正义社会秩序的佛教愿景

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: 稲村哲也;木村友美;石本恭子;奥宮清人;平田温;松林公蔵;今井必生;陳玟玲;葛原茂樹;瀬口春道;エヴァ・ガルシア;藤澤道子;姉歯暁;伊藤友美
• 通讯作者: 伊藤友美

タイ華人の習合的信仰世界における仏教と道教の境界についての小考察

泰华融合宗教世界中佛教与道教界限初探

• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: タイ国情報
• 作者: Otabe;Tanehisa;原田正俊;松林 公蔵;清水哲郎;伊藤友美
• 通讯作者: 伊藤友美

スリランカとタイにおける比丘尼サンガ復興と僧院教育

斯里兰卡和泰国的比丘尼僧伽复兴和寺院教育

• 发表时间: 2010
• 作者: 広瀬崇子;北川将之;三輪博樹(編著);伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;伊藤友美;Tomomi Ito;Tomomi Ito;Tomomi Ito;Tomomi Ito;中塚朋子;松田さおり;伊藤友美
• 通讯作者: 伊藤友美

Modern Thai Buddhism and Buddhadasa Bhikkhu: A Social History

现代泰国佛教与Buddhadasa Bhikkhu：一部社会史

• 发表时间: 2012
• 作者: Satomi Kasahara;Yoshiyuki Manabe;Shinji Takamatsu;Eiji Miyoshi;Koichi Fukase;山内志朗;吉田康子;Tomomi Ito
• 通讯作者: Tomomi Ito