On individuals and events in the lexical semantic structures of predicates : with special reference to the notion of affectedness

这个项目仔细观察了一系列语法现象，这些现象因其看似不规则的格标记法而被分析为特殊的语法现象，并试图找出并正式确定支配其特殊格标记法系统的潜在规则。基于我们对英语致使/被动Has、一组日语动词受事主语、德语“自由与格”现象的描写，我们提出了新的语义功能POSS，它在动词的词汇语义表征上形式化了个体与事件之间的关系。此外，我们还表明，我们基于POSS函数的分析进一步深入了解了参与事件的个人以及被认为存在于事件之外并以各种方式间接受到事件影响的非主题个人的格标记法。

This project has closely observed a range of grammatical phenomena, which have been analyzed as idiosyncratic ones due to their seemingly irregular way of case-marking, and tried to find out and formalize the underlying rules which seem to govern their peculiar case-marking system. Based upon our descriptive works on causative/passive have in English, a group of Japanese verbs taking Patient subjects," free dative" phenomena in German, we have proposed the novel semantic function POSS, which formalizes the relationship between Individual and Event on the lexical semantic representation of verbs. Also, we have shown that our analysis based upon the function POSS gives further insights into case-marking of individuals which are involved in the event, and non-thematic individuals which are regarded as existing outside of the event, and indirectly affected by the event in various ways.