The existence and forms of the liberalism on the European Continent: An exploration of the new map and context of the history of social thought using the concept of public sphere

在英国经济自由主义的影响下，法国自由主义在法国大革命时期形成。然后在拿破仑帝国统治时期传播到欧洲大陆，刺激了各地自由主义的形成。这一过程与公共领域的扩张不谋而合，而公共领域的扩张恰恰与拿破仑的帝国统治背道而驰。本研究的重点是Coppet集团的活动，其成员包括J. Stael， B. Constant等人。揭示了自由主义在欧洲不同地区形成的各个方面，并阐明了公共领域在这一过程中所起的作用。

Under the influence of the English economic liberalism, the French liberalism established during the era of the French Revolution. It then spread to the European continent during Napoleon’s imperial regime, and stimulated the formation of liberalism in various regions. This process coincided with the expansion of public sphere, which opposed Napoleon’s imperial regime. This research focuses on the activities of the Coppet Group, whose members include J. Stael, B. Constant and others. It discovers the various aspects of the formation of liberalism in different regions around Europe, and clarifies the role played by public sphere in the process.