Mechanism of Adaptive Motion Capability in Insect Flapping Flight Generating Vortices

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A flapping flight of butterfly is an example of the motion intelligence, which emerges the flight by interactions of the nervous system, body, and environment. The objective of this study is to unveil the mechanism of the motion intelligence. This study approaches it by the biological analysis through experimental observations of living butterflies and by the synthetic approach with numerical models. The models clarify effects of vortices and flexibility of wings, maneuverability, detailed structure of flow, etc.