Multiphase Reaction Medium Including Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide and Water for Rate Acceleration and Selectivity Control of Synthetic Organic Reactions

多相反应介质包括浓相二氧化碳和/或水，已被应用于加氢反应、光催化反应等。考察了这些反应的实际用途，并研究了二氧化碳和水的物理和化学功能。研究的反应包括腈选择性加氢制伯胺、苯酚加氢、光催化水裂解等。采用原位高压傅立叶变换红外光谱法研究了二氧化碳与有机底物之间的相互作用，以及负载的催化金属颗粒与反应物质（由二氧化碳和氢形成的一氧化碳、有机底物、水）之间的相互作用。观察到在多相介质中这些反应的反应速率加快，产物选择性改变，和/或催化剂失活抑制。二氧化碳和水的化学功能取决于所研究的化学反应。

Multiphase reaction media including dense phase carbon dioxide and/or water have been applied for hydrogenation reactions, photocatalytic reactions, and so on. The practical usefulness of those reactions was examined and the physical and chemical functions of carbon dioxide and water were investigated. The reactions studied include selective hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines, hydrogenation of phenol, photocatalytic water splitting, and others. In situ high pressure Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to examine the interactions between carbon dioxide and organic substrates and those between supported catalytic metal particles and reacting species (carbon monoxide formed from carbon dioxide and hydrogen, organic substrates, water). There were observed acceleration of reaction rate, modification of product selectivity, and/or suppression of catalyst deactivation for those reactions in the multiphase media. The chemical functions of carbon dioxide and water d pended on the chemical reactions examined.