Studies on Salmonella infection and host response using an accurate prediction system for screening effectors

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A broad range of pathogenic bacteria translocate a repertoire of effector proteins using the type 3 protein secretion system (T3SS) and enact the virulence program of the bacteria by directly interacting with host cell pathways. In this study, we have constructed an accurate prediction system for screening effectors on a genome-wide scale. Using this system, five candidates of novel effectors of Salmonella could be listed. Among them, GogA and GtgA2 were demonstrated to activate caspase-8 which has two opposing functions namely as an initiator of an apoptosis and in a non-apoptotic role including induction of the pro-inflammatory response. Another effector candidate, STM1239 was shown to be injected into macrophage cytoplasm by SPI1- and SPI2-T3SSs.