Actual Status of Children in Developing Countries Seen through Longitudinal Research on School Enrollment and Surrounding Environment for Primary and Later Education

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This study aimed to reveal individual children's enrollment situation in developing countries, and implemented the true cohort analysis with longitudinal data. Findings in Honduras and Indonesia, there are influences on children's enrollment patterns such as socio-economic situation and educational policies depending on years. Also, children's patterns of enrolment fall into two categories: graduation without repetition and dropout after a short period of attendance. However, as the present age is getting closer, children could enter a school with official age and graduate without repetition and temporary dropout. In Bolivia, a repetition in the first grade in the first year often happens and leads to dropout. In Malawi, it is appeared that various peculiar enrollment patterns which are not observed from cross sectional data.