Social Anthropological Study on the Ethnic Identity of the Borneo Dayak through Symbiotic Relation with the Malay

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The focus of this study is to analyze the ethnic consciousness the mountain dwelling people called “Dayak” of Borneo, in the changing modern society. In Borneo the word “Dayak” was used from old days, contrasted to the “Malay” who live in the plain area subsisted on the wet rice cultivation. It was expected that the formation of modern nation states since the colonial era might weaken this sharp contrast between these two styles of livelihoodsthrough modernization and urbanization. But the intensive field study of revealed that the ethnicity of the Dayak people is strengthened in the urban area, and the activities of the various ethnic societies and the Christian churches influence the ethnic identity of the Dayak people in the urban settings of Borneo.