Designing Teaching Materials and Activities to Facilitate School Children's Prediction and Reasoning:Challenges in teaching elementary school science

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In science classes at elementary school, it is necessary for the teacher to design materials and activities in which learners can do and observe an experiment, predict the results, and speculate about the nature and regularity of the factors involved in a phenomenon. It is also important for him/her to help learners to explain, in quantitative terms, the phenomenon and its change they have observed or expected to result from the experiment and to help them to predict an unknown phenomenon and its change by applying the knowledge about the phenomenon they have obtained from the experiment.