Create international standard SNP markers for chicken, and theiranalysis systems

单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）已被用于鉴定负责经济性状的基因，包括家畜的遗传疾病，并检查种群的遗传多样性。本研究旨在建立国际标准的鸡SNP标记及其分析系统。我使用DigiTag 2分析法对239只鸡的常染色体SNPs进行了基因分型，以了解日本本土鸡种Junglefowls的遗传结构以及这些品种之间的关系。系统发育分析使用串联的74个常染色体SNP基因型区分四个Junglefowls，所有鸡，并形成集群的鸡属于各自的品种。根据等位基因频率数据，估计的同一性概率（P）计算为2.70×10-20。由于2011年公布的FAOSTAT数据库显示，全球饲养的鸡总数约为1.99 × 1010只，因此该SNP集将有能力识别世界上所有的鸡。更重要的是，这套将是特别有用的监测种群的遗传结构，以保持鸡品种和丛林鸡的特征。

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been used to identify genes responsible for economic traits, including genetic diseases in domestic animals, and to examine genet ic diversity of populations. In this study, the aim is to c reate international standard SNP markers for chicken, and their analysis systems. I genotyped 239 chicken autosomal SNPs using DigiTag2 assay to understand the genetic structure of four species of Junglefowls, the Japanese native chicken breeds , and the relationship of these breeds. Phylogenetic analysis using the concatenated 74 autosomal SNP genotypes distinguished four Junglefowls, all chickens and formed clusters of chickens belonging to the respective breeds. Based on the allele frequency data, the estimated probability of identity (P) was calculated to be 2.70×10-20. Since the FAOSTAT database published in 2011 showed that the total number of chickens raised worldwide was approximately 1.99 × 1010, this SNP set would have the power to identify all chickens in the world. More importantly, this set would be particularly useful to monitor the genetic structure of populations for maintenance of the characteristics of the chicken breeds and junglefowls.