Create international standard SNP markers for chicken, and theiranalysis systems

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Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been used to identify genes responsible for economic traits, including genetic diseases in domestic animals, and to examine genet ic diversity of populations. In this study, the aim is to c reate international standard SNP markers for chicken, and their analysis systems. I genotyped 239 chicken autosomal SNPs using DigiTag2 assay to understand the genetic structure of four species of Junglefowls, the Japanese native chicken breeds , and the relationship of these breeds. Phylogenetic analysis using the concatenated 74 autosomal SNP genotypes distinguished four Junglefowls, all chickens and formed clusters of chickens belonging to the respective breeds. Based on the allele frequency data, the estimated probability of identity (P) was calculated to be 2.70×10-20. Since the FAOSTAT database published in 2011 showed that the total number of chickens raised worldwide was approximately 1.99 × 1010, this SNP set would have the power to identify all chickens in the world. More importantly, this set would be particularly useful to monitor the genetic structure of populations for maintenance of the characteristics of the chicken breeds and junglefowls.