pproach for circadian oscillatory mechanisms based on phosphorylation rhythms of clock proteins

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In the mammalian circadian clockwork, CLOCK and BMAL1 bind to DNA and play an important role in the transcriptional feedback loops. In this study, we performed ChIP-Seq analysis and determined all the CLOCK-binding regions in genome-wide manner. RNA-Seq analysis showed circadian profiles of all the transcripts. Furthermore, we identified JNK as novel protein kinase for phosphorylation of CLOCK-BMAL1 complex, and behavioral analysis of JNK3-KO mice showed that JNK is a key player in the photic regulation of circadian clockwork.