What establishes the symbiotic relationship between human and bifidobacteria?"A bifidogenic effects of human milk oligosaccharides"

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The breast-fed infant intestine is often colonized by particular bifidobacteria, and human milk oligosaccharides(HMOs) are considered to be bifidogenic ; however, the precise mechanism underlying it remains unresolved. We have isolated and characterized various glycosidases that act on HMOs from Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and revealed how these enzymes are involved in the degradation of HMOs by these bifidobacteria. These results provide us with essential and basic understanding of physiology of bifidogenic effects of HMOs, and suggested co-evolution of bifidobacteria with humans. We also developed an efficient method of enzymatic synthesis of 2'-fucosyllactose, the most abundant component of HMOs, by introducing a glycosynthase technology into 1, 2-α-L-fucosidase.