Bacterial influence to the etiology of temporomandibular joint disorders;a cloning and sequencing analysis

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Universal bacterial primers were used to amplify 16S rRNA genes in 31 synovial fluid samples from 31 patients with TMD (TMD group). Subsequently, PCR amplicons were purified and cloned. Partial 16S rRNA sequences of the cloned insert were used to determine the species identities or closest relative by comparison with known sequences using GeneBank. In results, 20 of 31 samples (64.5%) from patients in the TMD group were identified with the presence of bacterial DNA by PCR. The 5 control samples from the nonTMD group were all negative in this study. In conclusion, a wide variety of bacteria, including some not previously reported associated with TMD, wereidentified in the synovial fluids from patients with TMD.