Establishment of in situ functional neuroimaging for social Behavior and its application to psychiatry

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Brain substrates of social behavior were investigated using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) just during the conversation. Frontal and temporal activations during the conversation were correlated positively with cooperativeness assessed with the NEO-PI-R and negatively with autistic trait assessed with the autism quotient (AQ) in healthy subjects, and were also negatively correlated with negative symptoms assessed with the PANSS in schizophrenia patients. These results demonstrate successful establishment of functional neuroimaging examination just during social behaviors, which can be called as "in situ neuroimaging".