A study of 3D mechanical network of the spindle-like structure composed of microtubules and kinesins.

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We have examined that the motility driven by (1) kinesins functioning in mitosis and (2)or axonemal dyneins being involved in ciliary movement. We found that kinesin-6 and outer arm dynein rotated sliding microtubules around their longitudinal axis. These corkscrewing motion of microtubule has not been observed in kinesin-6 or outer arm dynein from any source. The corkscrewing motion depends on ATP concentration in the buffer,phosphorylation on N-terminal region of kinesin-6 head, binding protein or direction of load. Our results suggested that torque generation of microtubule-based motors may be regulated by external conditions.