Development of inhibitory control and its neural mechanism in social contexts during early childhood

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The present study examined development of inhibitory control in social contexts during early childhood using behavioral and neuroimaging method. The results revealed that(1) children developed an ability to inhibit imitating another person between 3 and 5 years of age,(2) the development of conflict inhibition was significantly correlated to the activations in ventrolateral prefrontal regions and the activations in the regions varied depending on the task difficulties of inhibitory control tasks, and(3) the neural basis of inhibiting imitation might be different from the basis of conflict inhibition.