Development of Visual Evoked Potential Based Brain-Computer Interface Using Unconsious High Frequency Subliminal Flickering Light and Stochastic Resonance Phenomenon

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Brain-Computer Interface(BCI) employing scalp electroencephalogram to control communication aids was developed for persons with locked-in syndrome. The system utilized subliminal flickering visual stimuli with higher frequency than the subject's critical fusion frequency, which were unable to be recognized as flickering light, and visual evoked potential was recorded over the primary visual cortex at the occipital area. Additionally, nosily flickering visual stimuli was applied to the subject's surrounding visual field in order to induce stochastic resonance of the neurons. This proposed approach succeeded to enhance visual evoked potential two times larger than ordinarily evoked potentials without noise light. In online BCI system, eighty percent in average accuracy was also confirmed in both healthy participants and the participant with spinal cord injury.