Clarification of the mechanism of choking under pressure:focus on the closed-open dimension of motor skills.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of choking under pressure on sports, by focusing on the closed-open dimension of motor skills. Furthermore, coping methods were investigated on the basis of skills characteristics. The results indicated changes in attention under pressure for both closed and open skills. These included conscious processing and distraction. Therefore, it was considered necessary to control the object of attention appropriately, regardless of the characteristics of the motor skills. It was also indicated that the displacement of movements decreased for both skills and accuracy and efficiency declined for open skills. The above results suggest that coping with confused perceptions and cognitions, as well as with emotional responses is essential for skills that need estimating and coping with changes in the environment, because such skills need accurate perception of environmental information and appropriate execution of movements.