Development of a rapid startup technology applicable to autotrophic nitrogen removal

适用于自养脱氮的快速启动技术的开发

• 批准号: 22710072
• 负责人: TERADA Akihiko
• 金额: $ 2.58万
• 依托单位: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2010 至 2012
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22710072/
• 关键词: 環境技術; 微生物; バイオフィルム; アナモックス; 微生物付着; 排水処理; 生物学的窒素除去; 嫌気性アンモニア酸化; 後期性アンモニア酸化; 放射線グラフト重合; 細菌付着; バイオフィルム形成; スタートアップ; 嫌気性アンモニア酸化(アナモックス); 好気性アンモニア酸化; 放射線グラフト重合法

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have slow growth rates due to their autotrophic nature, which is always an engineering challenge. In order to shorten the startup time of a process for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal, surface of a bacterial carrier was chemically modified to attract bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Since it has been reported that these bacterial biofilm formations are potentially mediated by quorum sensing (QS) mechanism as cell-cell communication, another objective of the study was to elucidate biofilm formation mechanisms of AOB and anammox bacteria. Radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP) was applied to chemically graft glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on a non-woven sheet made of polyethylene. The epoxy-group of GMA was converted into diethylamine (DEA sheet) to form a positively-charged surface attractive to bacterial adhesion. The DEA sheet immobilized AOB rapidly, the rate of which was 104-fold as high as a pristine non-woven sheet. After 9 day of AOB incubation, ammonia oxidation rate of DEA sheet was higher than that of the pristine sheet by a factor of 4.4. The DEA sheet enhanced immobilization of anammox bacterial sludge, resulting in 2.4 times higher anammox rate than that on a pristine non-woven sheet.An enzyme-immobilized sheet was fabricated to interrupt cell-cell communication among bacterial cells, which is a trigger to form biofilm. Acylase I, capable of degradingQS-mediated signaling compounds, i.e. N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs), was immobilized onto a DEA sheet. AOB biofilm on this sheet was less robust and rather more sparse than that on a pristine non-woven sheet. This suggests that AOB biofilm without cell-cell communication was suppressed on the sheet because of breaking down AHLs in the biofilm. On the other hand, this trend was not observed regarding anammox biofilm. Another mechanism was involved to form the biofilm.

氨氧化细菌（AOB）和厌氧氨氧化细菌（anammox）由于其自养性质而生长速度缓慢，这始终是一个工程挑战。为了缩短完全自养脱氮过程的启动时间，对细菌载体的表面进行化学修饰以吸引细菌粘附和生物膜形成。由于据报道这些细菌生物膜的形成可能是由细胞间通讯的群体感应（QS）机制介导的，因此该研究的另一个目的是阐明 AOB 和厌氧氨氧化细菌的生物膜形成机制。采用辐射诱导接枝聚合 (RIGP) 将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯 (GMA) 化学接枝到聚乙烯制成的无纺布片材上。 GMA 的环氧基团转化为二乙胺（DEA 片），形成带正电荷的表面，吸引细菌粘附。 DEA片材能快速固定AOB，其固定速度是原始无纺布片材的104倍。 AOB 孵育 9 天后，DEA 片的氨氧化率比原始片高 4.4 倍。 DEA 片增强了厌氧氨氧化细菌污泥的固定化，导致厌氧氨氧化率比原始无纺片高 2.4 倍。制备了酶固定片来中断细菌细胞之间的细胞间通讯，这是形成生物膜的触发因素。酰基酶 I 能够降解 QS 介导的信号化合物，即 N-酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯 (AHL)，被固定在 DEA 片上。该片材上的 AOB 生物膜比原始非织造片材上的 AOB 生物膜不太坚固，而且更稀疏。这表明，由于生物膜中 AHL 的分解，没有细胞间通讯的 AOB 生物膜在片材上受到抑制。另一方面，对于厌氧氨氧化生物膜没有观察到这种趋势。生物膜的形成涉及另一种机制。

项目成果

Biofilm control in wastewater treatment by modification of bio-interfaces: Towards enhancement of biofilm reactor performance and prevention of biofouling

通过改变生物界面来控制废水处理中的生物膜：提高生物膜反应器性能并预防生物污垢

• 发表时间: 2012
• 作者: Yasui M;Koyama N;Koizumi T;Senda-Murata K;Takashima Y;Hayashi M;Sugimoto K;and Honma M;Akihiko Terada
• 通讯作者: Akihiko Terada

Control of micro-environments in biofilms by a gas-permeable membrane for single-stage nutrient and xenobiotic removal

通过透气膜控制生物膜中的微环境，实现单级营养物和外源物去除

• 发表时间: 2013
• 作者: 樋口亮;細見正明;寺田昭彦;Akihiko Terada
• 通讯作者: Akihiko Terada

不織布担体の化学改変によるアンモニア酸化細菌のバイオフィルム形成促進

无纺布载体化学改性促进氨氧化细菌生物膜形成

• 发表时间: 2013
• 作者: 樋口亮;細見正明;寺田昭彦
• 通讯作者: 寺田昭彦

加工不織布担体を用いたアンモニア酸化細菌のバイオフィルム形成促進の試み

尝试使用加工过的无纺布载体促进氨氧化细菌的生物膜形成

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: 樋口亮;細見正明;寺田昭彦
• 通讯作者: 寺田昭彦