Comparative Study on Environmental/Lifestyle Assessment and Multi-ethnic Coexistence in Swahili Maritime Society focusing on Resource Use and Management

斯瓦希里海事社会环境/生活方式评估和多民族共存的比较研究，重点关注资源利用和管理

• 批准号: 22720336
• 负责人: NAKAMURA Ryo
• 金额: $ 2.58万
• 依托单位: Research Institute for Humanity and Nature
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2010 至 2012
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22720336/
• 关键词: 資源利用; 管理; 多民族共存; スワヒリ海村; 比較研究; 環境; 生活影響評価; 文化人類学; タンザニア; ケニア; キルワ島; ラム島; 資源利用・管理; スワヒリ海岸; キルワ島／ラム島; 環境・生活影響評価

This study analyzed the exploitation and sharing of coastal resources by according to ethnic groups in Swahili maritime society: Kilwa and Mafia in Tanzania and Lamu and Pate in Kenya. As the result, the inland seas covered with mangroves were important for residence and occupational spaces in each island. The ethnic groups on Kilwa Island are easily categorized into two types of fisheries. Gathering fishery on the mangrove inland sea was found to be practiced by Bantu fishers, whereas net fishing on the open sea was conducted primarily by fishers of Arab descent who possessed expensive large boats. Each ethnic group has been able to monopolize its own fisheries. This has contributed to the maintenance of harmonious multi-ethnic coexistence on the island. However, from around 2004, maritime resource use on Kilwa Island has changed due to coastal development. The fishing activities of Bantu fishermen, who generally fish on the mangrove inland sea, have been restricted due to new conservation policies for mangrove environments. Bantu fishermen who lost their fishing equipment and livelihood were forced into poverty. As a result, the economic gap between the two ethnic groups widened, and fear for the security of daily life has spread within Kilwa society. Bantu women on the island have started to more actively participate in economic activities, including starting fried fish businesses, to help family budgets. Since 2005, sorcery cases were increasing, and shamanism as an anti-sorcery ritual has burgeoned in Kilwa coastal societies. This study clarified how the changing of traditional resource use caused by the environmental conservation policy gives influences on cultural and economical structures in this region

本研究根据斯瓦希里海洋社会的族群：坦桑尼亚的基尔瓦和黑手党和肯尼亚的拉穆和帕特，分析了沿海资源的开发和共享。因此，红树林覆盖的内海对每个岛屿的居住和工作空间都很重要。基尔瓦岛上的少数民族很容易被归类为两类渔业。班图渔民在红树林内海采集渔业，而在公海进行网捕主要是由拥有昂贵大船的阿拉伯裔渔民进行的。每个民族都能够垄断自己的渔业。这有助于在岛上维持和谐的多民族共存。然而，从2004年左右开始，由于沿海开发，基尔瓦岛的海洋资源使用发生了变化。班图渔民一般在红树林内海捕鱼，由于新的红树林环境保护政策，他们的捕捞活动受到限制。失去捕鱼设备和生计的班图渔民被迫陷入贫困。结果，两个民族之间的经济差距扩大，对日常生活安全的恐惧在基尔瓦社会蔓延。岛上的班图妇女已经开始更积极地参与经济活动，包括开办炸鱼生意，以帮助家庭预算。自2005年以来，巫术案件不断增加，萨满教作为一种反巫术仪式在基尔瓦沿海地区蓬勃发展。这项研究阐明了环境保护政策对传统资源利用方式的改变对该地区文化和经济结构的影响。

项目成果

The Dryland Fishing Culture of the Ababda Maritime Society along the Red Sea Coast of Southern Egypt

埃及南部红海沿岸阿巴达海事协会的旱地捕鱼文化

• 发表时间: 2010
• 作者: Ryoichi Ando;Yuta Minami;Ryosuke Ishida;Mizuho Kondo;Nobuhiro Kawatsuki;Ryo NAKAMURA
• 通讯作者: Ryo NAKAMURA

「スワヒリ海岸キルワ島のジニ(精霊)信仰」

“斯瓦希里海岸基尔瓦岛的基尼（精神）信仰”

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: NAKAMURA;Ryo;中村亮
• 通讯作者: 中村亮

「スワヒリ海村社会のジニ信仰:キルワ島の場合」嶋田義仁編『シャーマニズムの諸相』アジア遊学141

“斯瓦希里海村社会中的吉尼信仰：基尔瓦岛的案例”，岛田义人编辑，“萨满教的各个方面”，《亚洲研究》141

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: NAKAMURA;Ryo;水野浩二;中村亮
• 通讯作者: 中村亮

ホームページ等 スタッフプロフィール(日本語)

主页等 员工简介（日语）

メンバーによる研究紹介 中村亮

中村亮成员的研究介绍

• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: アフロ・ユーラシア内陸乾燥地文明
• 作者: Hirano;M.;上村大輔;Takaaki Mori;矢田俊文;中村亮
• 通讯作者: 中村亮