An Institutional and Empirical Research on Community-based Cooperative Firms in Agriculture,Forestry,Fishery and Others

通常，合作社的目标是帮助成员利用其业务。但日本的合作社法（农业合作社法、渔业合作社协会法、森林合作社法、中小企业合作社法）有一些类型的小型社区合作社，这些合作社对农村资源和成员的集体工作拥有集体所有权。其特点是1）对土地、森林和渔场等资源的集体所有权，2）成员的集体工作，3）为成员的利益利用其资源和劳动力。尽管这些合作社系统的重要性随着成员的利益而下降。农村社区生产功能的弱化、与公司制度的竞争、政府的监管、社区合作企业制度的平等参与规则受到了妇女小企业的高度评价。

Usually, cooperative's objective is to help members through using its business. But Japanese cooperative lows (Agricultural Cooperatives Act, Fisheries Cooperative Associations Act, Forest Cooperatives Act, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act) have some types of small community based cooperatives which have collective ownership of rural resources and collective works of members.Their characteristics are 1)collective ownership on resources such as land, forest and fishing ground, 2)collective working by members, 3)utilizing their resources and labor for the members' interest.Though importance of those cooperative firm systems decline by weakening of rural community's function in production, competition with company system, regulation by government, equal participation rule of community based cooperative firm system is highly evaluated by women's small businesses.