An Institutional and Empirical Research on Community-based Cooperative Firms in Agriculture,Forestry,Fishery and Others

通常，合作社的目标是帮助成员通过使用其业务。但日本合作社低《农业合作社法》、《渔业合作社法》、《林业合作社法》、《中小企业合作社法》等法律规定的农村资源集体所有制和社员集体劳动的社区小型合作社，其特点是：（1）土地、森林、渔场等资源集体所有;（2）社员集体劳动; 3）利用自己的资源和劳动为成员谋利益，尽管由于农村社区在生产中的作用弱化、与公司制的竞争、政府的管制等原因，农村合作企业制度的重要性有所下降，但妇女小企业对社区合作企业制度的平等参与原则仍给予高度评价。

Usually, cooperative's objective is to help members through using its business. But Japanese cooperative lows (Agricultural Cooperatives Act, Fisheries Cooperative Associations Act, Forest Cooperatives Act, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act) have some types of small community based cooperatives which have collective ownership of rural resources and collective works of members.Their characteristics are 1)collective ownership on resources such as land, forest and fishing ground, 2)collective working by members, 3)utilizing their resources and labor for the members' interest.Though importance of those cooperative firm systems decline by weakening of rural community's function in production, competition with company system, regulation by government, equal participation rule of community based cooperative firm system is highly evaluated by women's small businesses.