Empirical Research for Introducing Market Mechanism through the use of Biodiversity Banking

首先，欧洲和美国生物多样性银行的成功建立主要是由于法律框架的发展，明确了开发商和银行家的详细角色，以及要保护的物种。其次，未来在日本引入生物多样性银行系统的情况下，将需要生物多样性指标来确认环境友好型农业的效果。因此，我们以鸟类和昆虫为研究对象，选取了日本农村地区20种需要保护的鸟类和昆虫作为指标之一，并给出了它们的栖息地和观测季节的指标。最后，虽然在一些地区发现了生物多样性补偿，但仍有许多问题需要解决，如加强生物多样性银行的法律制度和建立可交换的生物多样性信用市场。因此，目前在全国范围内引入生物多样性银行系统是困难的。

First, functioning successfully the establishment of biodiversity banking in Europe and the U.S. is mainly caused by developing of the legal framework, into specifying the detailed roles of developers and bankers, and species to be conserved. Secondly, in the case when biodiversity banking system can be introduced into Japan for the future, indicators of biodiversity will be needed to confirm the effect of environmentally-friendly farming. Therefore we focused on birds and insects and selected 20 species to be preserved in Japanese rural areas as one of the indicators, and gave an index of their habitats and observable seasons. Finally, while biodiversity offsetting is found in some regions, there remains many issues to be resolved, such as consolidation of the legal system of biodiversity banking and creation of the market for exchangeable biodiversity credits. Therefore it is concluded that nation-wide introduction of biodiversity banking system is difficult at present.