The ways of exclusion and subsumption for creating the ethnic cultures in the multicultural Hawaii

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Shiramizu examined the strategies of the Okinawan bridge-builders. He found that they made the other ethnic groups the reference group, thereby, they have constructed their cultural representations. Nakano examined the process of establishment and development of the Chinese and Filipino ethnic festivals, and found that these festivals play a significant role in the creation of new ethnic cultures. Lee conducted historical research on Korean dance in Hawaii, and examined the ways in which their cultural representation has been shaped and reshaped over the years of pre-war and post-war era. Shirota conducted fieldworks on dance and music therapy for children and people with autistic spectrum disorder in Hawaii, Okinawa, and Fukuoka. She compared strategies of each area and common point. Noiri conducted life-history interview research for Amerasinan and Kibei-nisei in Hawaii. She examined constructed Okinawan identity in Hawaii Locals and its reflection on identity of diaspora.