Epidemiological study to clarify the mechanism of radiation induced thyroid cancer around Chernobyl

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After the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP), the incidence of thyroid cancer increased among children. To assess the prognosis of benign thyroid nodules in individuals living around the CNPP, we conducted a follow-up investigation of screening data from 1991 to 2000 in the Ukraine. Participants of this study were 160 inhabitants with thyroid nodules (nodule group) and 160 inhabitants without thyroid nodules (normal control group) intially identified by ultrasonography from 1991 to 2000.No thyroid nodules were observed among the normal control group participants. The prevalence of thyroid abnormality, especially nodules that could be cancerous (malignant or suspicious by fine needle aspiration biopsy), was 7.5% in the nodule group and 0% in the normal control group (P<0.001). Our study indicated that a thyroid nodule in childhood is a prognostic factor around Chernobyl.