Empirical study of a pedestrian navigation method for user's safe and easy wayfinding based on quantitative estimation of landmark's effectiveness

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In order to reduce anxiety of pedestrian navigation users, we have proposed a route planning algorithm, which weighs user's difficulty of locating own current position as well as total physical distance of courses. The cost function for evaluating routes is expanded by adding elapsed time of locating each intersection to the original cost of route distance. The elapsed time at an intersection is estimated based on valuation functions of effectiveness of landmarks. The functions were constructed based on data collected through cognitive experiments with participants. Cognitive experiments with a prototype system were conducted to acquire actual data for evaluation of the modified functions. The results indicate that the functions acquired are quite fit to the data of the experiments, and suggest that the modified method is useful for estimating walking time for routes. This empirical study shows the validity of the proposal method.