The physiological, biomechanical and mental analysis of 3 kinds of coaching method of endurance runnings in Japanese elementary, junior high and high school

通过观察跑步过程中生理、生物力学和心理变量的连续变化，研究了日本学校体育课中3种耐力跑的特点。30名小学男生、57名初中男生和27名高中男生分别采用全力以赴法、内/外径法和RPE13法进行1000米、2000米和3000米的田径比赛。在初高中学生全力以赴跑法中，由于跑步前期步频偏高，在跑步中后期的跑速有所下降。心率持续变化呈下降趋势。在I/OT法和RPE13法中，通过调整步幅来维持跑步速度。RPE13法是学习跑步的首选方法。在小学阶段，三种跑步方式之间没有差异。

The characteristics of 3 kinds of endurance runnings performed in the physical education class of Japanese school was investigated by observing continuous change in physiological, biomechanical and mental variables during running. Thirty elementary, 57 junior high and 27 high school male students ran 1,000m, 2,000m and 3,000m by three methods, namely the all-out method, the inner/outer track (I/OT) method, and the RPE13 method. In the all-out method of junior high and high school students, the running speed have decreased in the middle and final stages of running due to the high stride frequency in the early stage of running. Continuous change of heart rate showed a tendency to decrease. In the I/OT method and the RPE13 method, the running speed was maintained by the adjustment of stride length. The RPE13 method was the most preferred method in learning of running. In the elementary school there was no difference among three running methods.