The physiological, biomechanical and mental analysis of 3 kinds of coaching method of endurance runnings in Japanese elementary, junior high and high school

通过观察日本学校体育课中3种耐力跑的生理、生物力学和心理变量的连续变化，探讨了3种耐力跑的特点。30名小学、57名初中和27名高中男生分别采用三种方法跑1,000米、2,000米和3,000米，即全力跑法、内/外跑道（I/OT）跑法和RPE 13跑法。在初中和高中学生的全力跑法中，由于跑前阶段步频偏高，在跑中、后阶段跑速有所下降。 心率连续变化呈下降趋势。在I/OT方法和RPE 13方法中，通过调节步幅长度来保持跑步速度。RPE 13法是最受学生欢迎的跑步学习方法。在小学阶段，三种跑法之间没有差异。

The characteristics of 3 kinds of endurance runnings performed in the physical education class of Japanese school was investigated by observing continuous change in physiological, biomechanical and mental variables during running. Thirty elementary, 57 junior high and 27 high school male students ran 1,000m, 2,000m and 3,000m by three methods, namely the all-out method, the inner/outer track (I/OT) method, and the RPE13 method. In the all-out method of junior high and high school students, the running speed have decreased in the middle and final stages of running due to the high stride frequency in the early stage of running. Continuous change of heart rate showed a tendency to decrease. In the I/OT method and the RPE13 method, the running speed was maintained by the adjustment of stride length. The RPE13 method was the most preferred method in learning of running. In the elementary school there was no difference among three running methods.