A study on behavior and source of PFOS, PFOA and their precursors in the aquatic environment

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Concentrations of PFOS and PFOA showed decreasing and increasing tendencies in river waters from Saitama Prefecture, respectively. A lot of commercial products contained a precursor of PFOA. Concentrations of PFOS and PFOA detected in effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) were generally higher than those of the geometric mean in the river waters. Semi-volatile precursors of PFOA were detected in aeration gas from a reaction tank of STPs. An aerobic river water/sediment system by the shake-flask batch test showed the bio-transformations from the precursors to PFOS or PFOA. The results suggested that the contamination of PFOS and PFOA in rivers from Saitama Prefecture was caused by direct discharge from STPs and bio-transformation from precursors of PFOS and PFOA in the river environment.