Degradation of brominated flame retardant by the composite treatment of white-rot fungi and ultrasonic irradiation

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The degradation of brominated flame retardant HBCD (hexabromocyclododecane) by the composite treatment of white-rot fungi and ultrasonic irradiation was investigated. Alpha-isomer of HBCD was efficiently degraded by the ultrasonic irradiation, and its degradation rate was higher than those of beta- and gamma-isomers. While the degradation rate of alpha-isomer by the white-rot fungi treatment was lower than the other isomers. In addition, manganese peroxidase, which was produced by the white-rot fungi during shaking culture, was efficiently degraded the HBCD.As a composite degradation of the HBCD, the manganese peroxidase treatment was carried out just after 10 minutes of ultrasonic irradiation. The manganese peroxidase could degrade the HBCD using hydrogen peroxide produced by the ultrasonic irradiation.