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Equality of Voting Rights in German Federal Election and Constitutional Court

德国联邦选举和宪法法院的投票权平等

基本信息

批准号：
23530003
负责人：
EBIHARA Akio
金额：
$ 2.58万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2011 至 2013
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

German federal congressional election is basically a proportional representation, although the half of the congressmen are chosen in each district. This combination allows sometimes dozens of so-called overhang-mandates, i. e. more candidates of a party are chosen in a state than the proportional dues. The overhang-mandates brings under certain conditions the inverse voting effect: more votes make a party lose one representative and vice versa. German Constitutional Court daclared the inverse voting effect as unconstitutional and required a reform in 2008. But the new federal election law was again held to be against the Constitution in 2012, because it still can have the inverse voting effect. The main reason of the unconstitutionality is the viloation of equality of voting rights, which means in Germany not only the equality of the weight of a vote in each district, as is disscussed in Japan, but also the equality of the effect of a given vote to the formation of the congress.

德国联邦国会选举基本上是比例代表制，尽管一半的国会议员是在每个选区选出的。这种组合有时允许几十个所谓的悬置任务，即。e.一个州选出的政党候选人多于按比例缴纳的会费。在某些情况下，超额授权会产生相反的投票效果：更多的选票使一个政党失去一名代表，反之亦然。2008年，德国宪法法院裁定反向投票效果违宪，并要求进行改革。但新的联邦选举法在2012年再次被认为违反宪法，因为它仍然可以产生反向投票效果。违宪的主要原因是投票权平等的倾向。在德国，投票权平等不仅指日本所讨论的各地区投票权的平等，而且还指投票权对国会产生的影响的平等。